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Tallaght ( TAL-ə; Irish: Tamhlacht, IPA: [ˈt̪ˠəul̪ˠəxt̪ˠ]) is the largest settlement, and county town, of South Dublin, Ireland, and the largest satellite town of Dublin. The central village area was the site of a monastic settlement from at least the 8th century, which became one of medieval Ireland’s more important monastic centres.

Up to the 1960s, Tallaght was a small village in the traditional County Dublin (now the Dublin Region), linked to several nearby rural areas which were part of the large civil parish of the same name – the local council estimates the then population at 2,500. Suburban development began in the 1970s and a “town centre” area has been developing since the late 1980s. There is no legal definition of the boundaries of Tallaght, but the electoral divisions known as “Tallaght” followed by the name of a locality have, according to the 2016 census, a population of 76,119, up from 69,454 over five years. There have been calls in recent years for Tallaght to be declared a city.

The village core of the district is located north of, and near to, the River Dodder, and parts of the broader area within South Dublin are close to the borders of Dublin City, Kildare, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown and County Wicklow. Several streams flow in the area, notably the Jobstown or Tallaght Stream (a tributary of the Dodder), and the Fettercairn Stream (a tributary of the River Camac), while the Tymon River, the main component of the River Poddle (Liffey tributary), rises in Cookstown, near Fettercairn.

Tallaght is also the name of an extensive civil parish, which includes other areas of southern and southwestern Dublin, from Templeogue to Ballinascorney in the mountains. A book about the civil parish was published in the 19th century, “The History and Antiquities of Tallaght in the County of Dublin,” written by William Domville Handcock.